MMPs play a crucial role in the normal modelling of tissues, differentiation throughout development, and modulation of cell behaviour. As a result, MMP family proteins play two distinct roles in the pathophysiology of inflammation, activating both tissue damage and protective innate and/or adaptive immune responses.
MMPs are divided into five main classes based on their probable substrate specificity and internal homologies: collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, membrane-type MMPs, and others. They play a definite but still unclear role in pathological diseases that cause tissue damage. MMPs regulate several functions related to inflammation including bioavailability and activity of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. There is also evidence that MMPs regulate inflammation in tumor microenvironment, which plays an important role in cancer progression.
Proinflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and ECM elements all control how they are expressed. MMP-1 (collagenase-1), MMP-8 (collagenase-2) and MMP-13 (collagenase-3) are the collagenasesMMP-2 (gelatinase A) and MMP-9 (gelatinase B) are two examples of the gelatinases (type IV collagenase).
Author(s) Details:
Umapathy Thimmegowa,
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Raja Rajeswari Dental College and Hospital, No 14, Ramohalli Cross, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road, Bengaluru-560074, India.
Soumya Pai,
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Raja Rajeswari Dental College and Hospital, No 14, Ramohalli Cross, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road, Bengaluru-560074, India.
Praveen Malavalli Nagarajshetty,
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, KLE’ S Institute of Dental Sciences, Yeshwanthpur Suburb, Tumkur Road, Bengaluru- 560022, India.