Author(s) Details:
Avraham Mayevsky
The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290092, Israel.
Michael Tolmasov
The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290092, Israel.
Mira Mandelbaum
The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290092, Israel.
This section is a part of the chapter: Real Time Assessment of Patients’ Body Oxygen Balance and Tissue Metabolic Score (TMS)
shows the gradient of oxygen between room air through the lungs, the large arteries and small arterioles to the intracellular space and finally the mitochondrion (Chance et al., 1973). In this scheme, the various points of patients’ monitoring are presented. As can be seen, the last usual parameter, in the oxygen gradient, is the pulse oximeter which measures the saturation of hemoglobin in the arteries that have a pulse. As of today, monitoring of the microcirculation and especially mitochondrial function is not a standard approach and Fig. 4-part D presents the involvement of the mitochondria in cellular and tissue energy metabolism. Substrates and O2 are supplied and regulated by the blood in the microcirculation, namely from the very small arterioles and the capillary bed. The main function of the mitochondria is to convert the potential energy stored in various substrates and their metabolites (e.g., glucose) into ATP (Mayevsky et al., 2018). The inner membrane of the mitochondria contains five complexes of integral membrane proteins, including NADH dehydrogenase (Complex 1). Three of those proteins are involved in the respiratory chain activity. The main function of the respiratory chain is to gradually transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 (originating from the Krebs cycle) to oxygen (O2). With the addition of protons (H+), water molecules (H2O) are generated in Complex 4. NADH is a substrate or a coenzyme for the enzymatic activity of dehydrogenases that form part of the respiratory chain and reside in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
How to Cite
Mayevsky, A., Tolmasov, M., & Mandelbaum, M. (2025). Real Time Assessment of Patients’ Body Oxygen Balance and Tissue Metabolic Score (TMS). Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4, 101–142. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/4146